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This page | Whole domain | What's referring? | | Paraphrasing | | Quoting | What content to refer? | Acceptable sources | Acceptable only for definitions | Nonacceptable sources | Criteria of reliable sources | Standards | How to refer inline (Exercise) | Paraphrasing position with respect to source | Assignment | Right or wrong? | Guides Whole domain | This page Academic Writing and Hypertext Types of academic texts Referring Quoting Literature references Article structure Sequential outlining Hierarchical outlining Writing process and environment Academic writing guides

Referring MII7130 Academic Writing and Hypertext 10.10.2007 Participants? • Types of academic texts |What's referring? • =citing ||Paraphrasing • Conventional or hypertextual linking to external sources • Elaborating your own idea, based on someone else's work • Intellectual montage • Buiding on existing culture of the academic community • Crediting the original author • Fidelity to the original context and perspective • Following established rules of academic community • Respecting intellectual property rights • Not plagiarism, refer carefully to the source You can use the source in a way the author did not intend, but indicate you do so! Not same thing as quoting! ||Quoting • Next time Page top | Wiki |What content to refer? • Definitions (avoid encyclopedia definitions) • Research results (finished projects) • Concepts • Taxonomies • Ongoing projects Page top | Wiki |Acceptable sources • Journal articles (primary) • Academic books (avoid course books) • Web articles with an author, publication date and an institutional background • Original sources Page top | Wiki |Acceptable only for definitions • Dictionaries • Encyclopedias, e.g. Wikipedia • Etymologies, e.g. EtymologyOnline Page top | Wiki |Nonacceptable sources Secondary sources! • Personal blogs • Wikis • News • Advertisements • General institutional communication, leaflets • Propaganda material • Novels • Poems ...unless these are the object of your study! Remember: Plagiarism, wrong or misleading references are against academic ethics and violate intellectual property rights! Page top | Wiki |Criteria of reliable sources • Author(s) are known • References are listed • Publication date is given • Publisher or context of publication is given • List of references is given • Good language • Convincing argumentation • Impact rate Page top | Wiki |Standards • Choose one according to the community's or publication's instructions • APA (Social sciences) • Vancouver • Chicago (Humanities) • Harvard (Wikipedia) Page top | Wiki |How to refer inline (Exercise) Inline = within your text. Coxhead's guide. Keep the sentence flowing free. Don't let the parenthes break the thought. Always use page number if possible. Page top | Wiki |Paraphrasing position with respect to source It is allowed to use someone's text for your uses, but always indicate how you use it. It is possible to position yourself in different ways with respect to the reference. • Direct • Indirect • Opposing • Elaborating Page top | Wiki |Assignment Individually or in pairs: 1) Pick random ideas from academic books and articles. 2) Write expressions with direct, indirect, opposing and elaborating position with respect to the source using Harvard style inline references. To assignment wiki. Page top | Wiki |Right or wrong? Gruber (1993, 2) studies currently the use of formal ontologies. Is this proper with respect to the source? Gruber (1993, 2) Newton states that he conceptual space mechanics is based on scientific quality dimensions, not on phenomenal dimensions Gärdenfors (2004, 18). Proper? Gärdenfors (2004, 18) Concepts make direct use of the sensory-motor circuitry of the brain (Gallese & Lakoff 2005, 19). Proper? (Gallese & Lakoff 2005, 19) Page top | Wiki |Guides • Online Harvard guide • Comprehensive Harvard guide • Coxhead's guide • Next Page top | Wiki