• Participants
Last: Application domains 2
Last time's assignment: Shelfari

Mass media

From last time:
• *broadcasting
• *one-to-many media
• *simplex (one-way)
• *radio (BBC, Eesti raadio , YLE etc.)
• *television
• *newspapers
• *journals
• *books
Important national roles in different countries as a means of the government to influence people. Propaganda!
A radio broadcast antenna

Analog mass media becoming more interactive

Interactivity by localization:
• *Small local radio stations
• *Talkshows with calls from the audience
*Local cable TV: Local issues
• Read Gillmor (2004)
Locality has to do with interactivity!

Digital television

• New interactive possibilities, e.g. using the feedback channel. Book abstract
Local internet TV: M2hz urban television
• Content on demand. Article

Newspapers in analog times

• *Long tendency towards ever bigger media houses... monopolies...mono-perspectivalness
Rupert Murdoch

Newspapers in the digital era

• *Now loosing market to web media. Article
Can you imagine breakfast and morning coffee reading the news from the screen - without morning's newspaper?

Desktop publishing

• Desktop publishing since '80s, starting with Apple
Cheap.: lower publishing level, more small papers, Quality?

Recent changes

*Rapid adoption of citizen input channels:
• *Phone photos, videos, BBC Have your say
• *Blogs gaining importance, Gillmor (2004)
• *Thematical discussion forums on newspapers
Will journalists disappear?

Academic journals

What are academic journals?
Academy is a community of experts.
Nature is one of the most respected academic journals

Crisis

• Currently in crisis! Articles
• *Monopoly of scientific publication, commercial interests in conflict with public interests
• *Slow submission and peer review

Changing towards

• *Online submission
• *Online peer review
• *Online publication
Online community of experts!
• Blog entry

Printed book

Analog times

• *One-to-many mass medium
• *Since Gutenberg, status of a reliable medium
Johannes Gutenberg

In digital times

• *Cheaper publication process -> lower threshold of publication
• Print on demand
• *eBook
• What will happen to tghe printed book? Decaying or growing? Abstract

Music distribution

Analog times

• *Publishers
• *Record companies

Digital era

*Everyone's musicianship, new instruments: MIDI-based notation and instrumentation etc., digital synthetizers
*New kinds of music: DJ art
• *New channels, e.g. p2p music sharing, e.g. Napster -> threatening establishing ip and royalty mechanisms
*Online music trade, e.g. Apple iTunes, record trade decaying?
*Peer to peer music sharing, e.g. Napster -> Threatening traditional iintellectual property and royalty mechanisms.
*iPods and mp3 players, massive commercial success! Why? How come was analog Walkman not such as success?
Sony Walkman

Cinema

Analog times

• *Massively one-to-many media, theatre setup
• *Massively expensive productions, Hollywood
• *Star cult
Citizen Kane poster

Current trends

Lighter and cheaper equipment for good amateur digital video.
• *Everyman's cinema, while cinema as an elite  art form stays
• *Digital special effects, montage
• * New animation techniques exploited by e.g. Pixar
• * Generative animation, game animation, media art experiments e.g. Graffiti Research Lab
• * Interactive cinema
* Video everywhere: Phone cameras, YouTube (Publish yourself)
Whose power? Whose business? Democratic media?

Conclusions

• *The treshold of publishing has come down. Democratization of media!? Video
*No sign of the media industry declining, but the old agencies are adopting interactive media concepts.
*New kinds of media art appear, often interactive in some ways.
*Locality is a kind of interactivity.
*Content ownership is being redefined.
Agree?

Assignment

1) Read at least one article.
2) Register to YouTube (=Google). Team up and shoot a 30-180 sec phone video and upload it. Tagging is important!

Next

• Media Agencies