Participants?
• Relations to present phenomena
• Need to analyse the relation of PM to new media... understanding ongoing discussion
• Related to
belief in scientific progress!
• growth of industrialism
(naiive) techno-optimism!
• economical progress
• Killed by WW2 ;-(
Ford assembly line in the 1920's
Second world war ruined also the a lot of the optimism characteristic of modernism
Historically begun after WW2, but in many fields did not became dominant before the '80s.
• A lot of conemporary thinking lean on postmodernism
Nature:
• Cultural
• Philosophical
• Esthetical
• European (French!)
• Reflects social and technologcal changes after WW2, end of 20th century
• Relativism w.r. truth and reality
• Mass media
Postmodernity = social and cultural implications of postmodernism.
• "art has taken on a new meaning and is changing significantly from what it once was"
• => Pronouncing the idea of new media art
Walter Benjamin
• Criticist of postmodernism
• "hyperreality" - "simulation"
• Unreal nature of contemporary culture in an age of mass communication and mass consumption
Starting point: postmodern art - framing reality (to non reality)
• Loss of meaning
• Lament the loss of reality in post-modern culture
• Simulachra and simulation
• Simulacrum
Simulation has become more and more realistic, e.f. Second Life?
• Actual meaning replaced by a virtual meaning
• Reality has been replaced by simulation
• There is no more fiction
Models [simulation, VR...] no longer constitute an imaginary domain with reference to the real...
=> Death of fiction!?
Julia Kristeva
• Multi-perspective, deconstructive
Issues:
• Feminism
• Marginality
• ...language is not expected to represent reality, but to signify it. (Barthes, Mythologies, 1957)
• Semiotics, the science of signs
Truth: instrument of (media) power (<= ontology!)
Each society creates a "regime of truth" according to its beliefs, values, and mores.
"Truth," is the construct of the political and economic forces that command the majority of the power within the societal web.
There is no truly universal truth at all; therefore, the intellectual cannot convey universal truth.
Michel Foucault
Deconstruction: an attempt to open a text (literary, philosophical, or otherwise) to several meanings and interpretations
• =>multi-perspectivalness
Jacques Derrida
Departed from social constructionism!
• truth is multilayered, unascertainable
• ' realistic realism'
• critic of technology, ' tech dream gone wrong'
• More postmodern theorists
• What arguments are there against postmodernism
• Will there ever be a dominating pattern of thought after deconstruction
• Wiki on post-postmodernism '06
Participants?
Generator of new innovation and economies?
Policy phrase?
• E-education policies, e.g. Tiger leap
• E-government
• E-democracy
• E-health
E-etc.
Information society and gender?
Global harmony with new media and ICT?
Information society policies in developing countries:
• ICT in India, success story
PCs for third world: A great new market for computer industry, or a boost to information society?
• Third world computer debate
Simputer
Manuel Castells
Analyses information society by means of three conceptual dimensions:
• *production
• *power
• *experience
• Publications
• *Yahoo
• *Google
etc.
Why?
Search engine ecology extending to new areas:
• *maps, geographic information systems
• *images
What next? Growing tooo big? Danger of monopoly?
What is the secret of the search engine business?
Which is bigger, film industry or interactive entertainment industry? How big?
• Different professions
Online distribution taking over? Compare to music distribution!
• Japan's game industry
Open source in game industry?
Open content? Modding culture?
Beta testers, free labor?
NM and ICT are borderless. Effects of this on developing countries?
Brain drain?
Remote outsourcing in software industry.
Shortage of ICT professionals: immigration vs. outsourcing?
Or rise in education? Rise in economy?
Danger of monopolization? Microsoft! Google? Yahoo?
Danger of cartellization?
• PCs for third world
Africa's ICT renaissance?
New media vs. travelling?
New media and ICT for peace and global warming?
• *Business around LINUX
Pay contributors too?! What will this mean?
Wireless communications boosting thirld world economies?
• Mobile society
Mobile communication develops fast in Africa
Lack of clear rules in IP with respect to content use.
Content based on recycled and montaged material, e.g. DJ and VJ cultures. Manovich (2000) => How is this facilitated/controlled?
*Great dangers!
*Are your values secured?
*Fight between bottom-up vs. top-down!
*Digital divide!
*Gender issues!
*Great opportunities!
• Exam essays due 29.10.2009
Why on this course?
• A close relation with constructivism• Relations to present phenomena
• Need to analyse the relation of PM to new media... understanding ongoing discussion
Modernism
Historically positioned between 1900 to WW2.• Related to
belief in scientific progress!
• growth of industrialism
(naiive) techno-optimism!
• economical progress
• Killed by WW2 ;-(
Ford assembly line in the 1920's
Second world war ruined also the a lot of the optimism characteristic of modernism
Postmodernism
• PostmodernismHistorically begun after WW2, but in many fields did not became dominant before the '80s.
• A lot of conemporary thinking lean on postmodernism
Nature:
• Cultural
• Philosophical
• Esthetical
• European (French!)
• Reflects social and technologcal changes after WW2, end of 20th century
• Relativism w.r. truth and reality
The Hundertwasser house in Darmstadt is an example of postmodern architecture
• Mass media
Postmodernity = social and cultural implications of postmodernism.
Walter Benjamin
Walter Benjamin: Era of mechanical reproduction• "art has taken on a new meaning and is changing significantly from what it once was"
• => Pronouncing the idea of new media art
Walter Benjamin
Jean Baudrillard
• Jean Baudrillard• Criticist of postmodernism
• "hyperreality" - "simulation"
• Unreal nature of contemporary culture in an age of mass communication and mass consumption
Starting point: postmodern art - framing reality (to non reality)
• Loss of meaning
• Lament the loss of reality in post-modern culture
• Simulachra and simulation
• Simulacrum
Simulation has become more and more realistic, e.f. Second Life?
• Actual meaning replaced by a virtual meaning
• Reality has been replaced by simulation
• There is no more fiction
Models [simulation, VR...] no longer constitute an imaginary domain with reference to the real...
=> Death of fiction!?
Julia Kristeva
• Julia KristevaJulia Kristeva
• Multi-perspective, deconstructive
Issues:
• Feminism
• Marginality
Roland Barthes
• Roland Barthes• ...language is not expected to represent reality, but to signify it. (Barthes, Mythologies, 1957)
• Semiotics, the science of signs
Michel Foucault
• Michel FoucaultTruth: instrument of (media) power (<= ontology!)
Each society creates a "regime of truth" according to its beliefs, values, and mores.
"Truth," is the construct of the political and economic forces that command the majority of the power within the societal web.
There is no truly universal truth at all; therefore, the intellectual cannot convey universal truth.
Michel Foucault
Jacques Derrida
• Jacques DerridaDeconstruction: an attempt to open a text (literary, philosophical, or otherwise) to several meanings and interpretations
• =>multi-perspectivalness
Jacques Derrida
Bruno Latour
• Bruno LatourDeparted from social constructionism!
• truth is multilayered, unascertainable
• ' realistic realism'
• critic of technology, ' tech dream gone wrong'
• More postmodern theorists
Post-Postmodernism?!
What can follow after postmodernism, when already everything has beem put into question?• What arguments are there against postmodernism
• Will there ever be a dominating pattern of thought after deconstruction
• Wiki on post-postmodernism '06
Next
• Economics, information society and globalizationParticipants?
Information society
Information society What is it?Generator of new innovation and economies?
Policy phrase?
• E-education policies, e.g. Tiger leap
• E-government
• E-democracy
• E-health
E-etc.
Information society and gender?
Global harmony with new media and ICT?
Digital divide
Digital divide. What is it? Digital divide in Estonia?Information society policies in developing countries:
• ICT in India, success story
PCs for third world: A great new market for computer industry, or a boost to information society?
• Third world computer debate
Simputer
Manuel Castells
• Manuel CastellsManuel Castells
Analyses information society by means of three conceptual dimensions:
• *production
• *power
• *experience
• Publications
Booming economies
Search engine business
• Search engine economies• *Yahoo
etc.
Why?
Search engine ecology extending to new areas:
• *maps, geographic information systems
• *images
What next? Growing tooo big? Danger of monopoly?
What is the secret of the search engine business?
Interactive entertainment business
• Interactive entertainmentWhich is bigger, film industry or interactive entertainment industry? How big?
• Different professions
Online distribution taking over? Compare to music distribution!
• Japan's game industry
Open source in game industry?
Open content? Modding culture?
Beta testers, free labor?
Globalization
New media and ICT boost economies of the developed countries.NM and ICT are borderless. Effects of this on developing countries?
Brain drain?
Remote outsourcing in software industry.
Shortage of ICT professionals: immigration vs. outsourcing?
Or rise in education? Rise in economy?
Danger of monopolization? Microsoft! Google? Yahoo?
Danger of cartellization?
• PCs for third world
Africa's ICT renaissance?
Environmental issues
How do new media relate to global warming?New media vs. travelling?
New media and ICT for peace and global warming?
Open source economy
• Emerging open source economies• *Business around LINUX
Open content economy
• Business around people's contentsPay contributors too?! What will this mean?
Mobile society and economy
• Range of changes in the developed worldWireless communications boosting thirld world economies?
• Mobile society
Mobile communication develops fast in Africa
Intellectual property rights
Intellectual property dilemma: Right to intellectual property slowing down the development of innovation and economyLack of clear rules in IP with respect to content use.
Content based on recycled and montaged material, e.g. DJ and VJ cultures. Manovich (2000) => How is this facilitated/controlled?
Conclusions
*Fast speed! Big money!*Great dangers!
*Are your values secured?
*Fight between bottom-up vs. top-down!
*Digital divide!
*Gender issues!
*Great opportunities!
Next
• Course integration• Exam essays due 29.10.2009