• Attendance

PREPARE

Check your wiki attendance last time.
Blog discussion on the nature of Web 3.0 with respect to ubi. Read others' entries and comment.
For today's assignment secure that you have an Del.icio.us account.
Check tonights social event.

Assignment

Triple function

• To build a menu of explanatory theories for CCM
• To try and possibly adopt Del.icio.us as an example of useful CCM for studies
• Build a mesh network (today's topics) in practice

Do what

Apply Del.icio.us to tag links to articles about self-organization and network theories. Description of Del.icio.us.
Tag with most the most important keywords according to your intepretation.
Build a network and share with peers.
Study the tag cloud.
• Choose an article to read in depth (home)
Useful for your studies?

Sources and starting points

• Today's lecture (this page)
• IMKE library
• Theories on information systems (York University)
• Last year's assignment
• Internet searches
Network theories:
• Six degrees of separation
• Theory of scale-free network
• Actor network theory
• Social network theory
• Graph theory
• Concept maps
• Mind maps
• Weak ties theory
• Network theory of social capital
• Adaptive structuration theory
• Activity theory
• Information society theory
• Artificial neural networks
Systems theories:
• Cybernetics
• Systems theory
• Autopoiesis theory
• Dynamic Patterns theory

NETWORKS

Why:
• Network  = core metaphor of the Internet
• Network = core architecture of ICT
• Bridges human and technologcal networks
• Help understanding how ideas, data, software, viruses etc. spread
• Help understanding how people behave and get networked

Network topologies

Network topologies by Foobaz

A network topology is the pattern of links connecting pairs of nodes (=knot) of a network.

Line topology

Can be broken by:
• Community/Social problem
• Technical problem

Bus topology

Robustness?

Ring topology

Robustness?
Examples of human rings?

Star topology

• = hub-centered
Examples in organizations?
Advantages?
Disadvantages?

Hierarchy topology (tree)

• Army  model
Advantages? Disadvantages?

Fully connected

Examples?
Disadvantages?

Mesh & hybrid topologies

At least two nodes with two or more paths between them (WP).
• Hybrids of the above

Neural network, brain

Neural network

What architecture is this?

Topology of the Internet

Topology of the internet

DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

Why this topic on this course? Because:
• Two-way interactive systems generally have properties of dynamical systems
• CCM communities behave like self-organizing systems
• How networks get organized in bottom-up direction
Desired results of interaction can be considered as SO: getting organized, learning
DS are instrumental in optimizing systems: more intelligent, more robust...
• Is all about bottom-up organization
Formation of sand is the result of self-organization

Characteristics of complex systems

• Complex systems, complexity
• Feedback loops
Self-regulation of behavior: non-determinist, non-linear
• Self-organization (of newtork topology)

Self-Organization

• Self-organization
= Spontaneous emergence of order and collective behaviour from...
• ...'democratic' and local interactions of the system's elements
Bottom-up: No top-down organizer => relevance to CCM
• Simple local rules
• Patterns emerge
• (University of Toronto links)
• Images illustrating self-organization

Self-Organization in different fields

Self-organization of bacteria
Nature: Waves, formations, behavior
Biology: Species in in evolutions, Development of organisms...
Ecology : Self-organization can collapse. (ScienceDaily 2005)
Climate: Air-pressure systems
Chemistry: Self-assembly of chemicals
Self-organization (self-assembly) in chemistry
Neural system, cortical maps: tonotopy, retinotopy, somatotopy
Scheme of somatotopy
Artificial neural networks: Simulating cortex, concept-building, pattern recognition etc. Self-organizing map simulation
• Fractal algorithms, Images, Introductory article
Physics: Patterns of boiling oil, turbulences etc.
Language: Consensual meanings of words
Computer science: Cellular automata, Artificial life
• Landscape (article)
• Speech
• Huygens' clocks

Huygens' clocks

Etc.
• Tagging (article)
Self-Organization of behaviour
• Book foreword

Assignment

Apply Del.icio.us (sign up if you don't have an account) to tag links to articles about self-organization and network theories. Description of the environment.
Tag with most the most important keywords according to your intepretation.
Build some network and share with at a few persons.
Study the tag cloud.
• Choose an article to read in depth (home)

Sources and starting points-

• IMKE library
• Theories on information systems (York University)
• Last year's assignment
Network theories:
• Six degrees of separation
• Theory of scale-free network
• Actor network theory
• Social network theory
• Graph theory
• Concept maps
• Mind maps
• Weak ties theory
• Network theory of social capital
• Adaptive structuration theory
• Activity theory
• Information society theory
• Artificial neural networks
Systems theories:
• Cybernetics
• Systems theory
• Autopoiesis theory
• Dynamic Patterns theory