Technology can also facilitate capturing the knowledge of experts. One type of knowledge capture system is based on the use of concept maps as a knowledge-modeling tool. A concept map is a diagram showing the relationships among concepts.

In the 1960s, Joseph D. Novak (1993) at Cornell University began to study the concept mapping technique. His work was based on the theories of David Ausubel (1968), who stressed the importance of prior knowledge in being able to learn about new concepts. Novak concluded that "Meaningful learning involves the assimilation of new concepts and propositions into existing cognitive structures."

A concept map is a graphical representation where nodes (points or vertices) represent concepts, and links (arcs or lines) represent the relationships between concepts. The concepts, and sometimes the links, are labeled on the concept map. The links between the concepts can be one-way, two-way, or non-directional. The concepts and the links may be categorized, and the concept map may show temporal or causal relationships between concepts (Plotnick, 1997).

Concept maps provide an effective methodology to organize and structure the concepts representing the expert's domain knowledge.

You can read how the concept mapping is used in in the banking and insurance industry from the article: Fourie, L. C. H., Schilawa, J. and Cloete, E. (2004). The value of concept maps for knowledge management in the banking and insurance industry: a German case study.

Concept or mind mapping software continues to evolve and the latest generation is really good. Some examples of concept or mind mapping software are:

• MindJet http://www.mindjet.com/
• Cmap http://cmap.ihmc.us/download/
• Cayra Mind Mapping http://www.cayra.net/

Concept mapping serves best to support educational settings.

Context-based reasoning (CxBR) serve best to capture tactical knowledge. Context-based Reasoning (CxBR) involve the modelling of human behavior in tactical, and operational situations in which optimal human decision making is of utmost importance.