The major phases or processes of knowledge management are described in slightly different ways. For example, Dalkir (2005, p.25) refers to the capture, creation, codification, sharing, accessing, application, and reuse of knowledge within and between organizations.

Becerra-Fernandez and Sabherwal (2010) define four main knowledge management processes:

• Knowledge discovery
• Knowledge capture
• Knowledge sharing
• Knowledge application

Each process comprises two sub-processes:

• Knowledge discovery includes Combination and Socialization.
• Knowledge capture includes Externalization and Internalization
• Knowledge sharing includes Socialization and Exchange
• Knowledge application includes Direction and Routines

This Learning Object "Knowledge Sharing Systems" describes systems and tools that can support the variety of ways in which knowledge sharing can be facilitated.

Knowledge sharing is the process through which explicit or tacit knowledge is communicated to other individuals. Typical Examples of Knowledge Sharing:

• Writing books or research papers
• Delivering a lecture or making a speech or presentation
• Participating in a dialogue over coffee or lunch
• Participating in Communities of Practice
• Mentoring a new staff; shadowing an expert

Depending on whether explicit or tacit knowledge is being shared, exchange or socialization processes are used.

Basic source for this learning object is: Becerra-Fernandez, I. and Sabherwal, R. (2010). Knowledge Management: Systems and Processes. Armonk (N.Y.); London: M.E. Sharpe.